# THREONINE

URL: https://app.greenveil.ai/ingredients/ingredient_dtxsid_dtxsid2046412
Categories: beauty, food, industrial, pharma
Functions: Hair conditioning, Hair waving or straightening, Antistatic, Flavouring agent, Flavouring
Identifier: DTXSID2046412

> THREONINE: Used in cosmetics as a hair conditioner, a hair waving or straightening agent and an antistatic agent. Greenveil chemical-concern score: 40/100 — Moderate concern based on regulatory listings.. Compiled from 10 published data sources.

## Safety assessment

- Chemical concern score: 40/100 — Moderate concern based on regulatory listings.
- Confidence in this assessment: High
- Is it a concern? Moderate concern: no hazard classifications on record. It is listed for cosmetic use in the EU.
- Rationale: EPA CPDat observed this chemical in 1 composition records across product categories including Laboratory supplies.

## Regulatory status

- EU: Active — Listed in CosIng inventory for cosmetic use.
- EU: EFSA opinion — Amino acids from chemical group 34. Flavouring Group Evaluation 26, Revision 1. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) (EFSA AFC)
- EU: EFSA opinion — Safety of L-threonine, technically pure, produced by fermentation with Escherichia coli CGMCC 7.58 for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Feedway Europe NV (EFSA FEEDAP)
- EU: EFSA opinion — Safety of L-threonine produced by fermentation using Escherichia coli CGMCC 3703, for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by GBT Europe GmbH (EFSA FEEDAP)
- EU: EFSA opinion — Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli strains NRRL B-30843, DSM 26131, KCCM11133P or DSM 25085 for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by AMAC EEIG1 (EFSA FEEDAP)
- EU: EFSA opinion — Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by HELM AG on behalf of Meihua Holdings Group Co. Ltd (EFSA FEEDAP)
- EU: EFSA opinion — Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli for all animal species, based on a dossier submitted by HELM AG on behalf of Star Lake Bioscience Co (EFSA FEEDAP)
- EU: EFSA opinion — Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli for all animal species, based on a dossier submitted byHELM AG on behalf of Global Bio-Chem Technology (EFSA FEEDAP)
- EU: EFSA opinion — Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli (FERM BP-10942) for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Ajinomoto Eurolysine SAS (EFSA FEEDAP)
- EU: EFSA opinion — Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 26: Amino acids from chemical group 34(Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) (EFSA AFC)
- GLOBAL: No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent — JECFA evaluation lists ADI No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent. Functional class: flavouring agent.
- US: commercial use observed — EPA CPDat observed this chemical in 1 composition records across product categories including Laboratory supplies. EPA CPDat classifies this chemical for functional uses including Flavouring and nutrient.
- US: inactive ingredient database — Route: INTRAVENOUS; Dosage form: INJECTION, SOLUTION; Potency: 0.12 %w/v
- US: inactive ingredient database — Route: INTRAVENOUS; Dosage form: INJECTION; Potency: 0.45 %w/v
- US: listed in openFDA substance — openFDA substance registry classifies this ingredient as chemical.
- US: marketed drug occurrence — FDA NDC lists this ingredient in 59 active drug products and 59 total products.
- US: inactive ingredient database — Route: INTRAVENOUS; Dosage form: INJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION; Potency: 160 mg

## Expert safety opinions

- SCCS (EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety): no opinion on file.
- CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review (US expert panel)): no opinion on file.
- EFSA (European Food Safety Authority): Amino acids from chemical group 34. Flavouring Group Evaluation 26, Revision 1. Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) (EFSA AFC) — 2008 — https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2008.790; Safety of L-threonine, technically pure, produced by fermentation with Escherichia coli CGMCC 7.58 for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Feedway Europe NV (EFSA FEEDAP) — 2016 — https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4470; Safety of L-threonine produced by fermentation using Escherichia coli CGMCC 3703, for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by GBT Europe GmbH (EFSA FEEDAP) — 2016 — https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4344; Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli strains NRRL B-30843, DSM 26131, KCCM11133P or DSM 25085 for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by AMAC EEIG1 (EFSA FEEDAP) — 2015 — https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4236; Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by HELM AG on behalf of Meihua Holdings Group Co. Ltd (EFSA FEEDAP) — 2015 — https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4051; Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli for all animal species, based on a dossier submitted by HELM AG on behalf of Star Lake Bioscience Co (EFSA FEEDAP) — 2014 — https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3726; Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli for all animal species, based on a dossier submitted byHELM AG on behalf of Global Bio-Chem Technology (EFSA FEEDAP) — 2014 — https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3674; Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-threonine produced by Escherichia coli (FERM BP-10942) for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Ajinomoto Eurolysine SAS (EFSA FEEDAP) — 2013 — https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3319; Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 26: Amino acids from chemical group 34(Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) (EFSA AFC) — 2010 — https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2006.373.
- JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives): JECFA evaluation lists ADI No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent. Functional class: flavouring agent. — https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/6097.

## Data sources

- CosIng (updated 2026-09-23): https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cosing/details/38594
- EFSA OpenFoodTox (updated 2026-10-04): https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120114
- EPA Chemical and Products Database (updated February 8, 2019): http://siri.org/msds/f2/cjt/cjtvx.html
- EPA DSSTox Identifiers (updated 2025-12-29): https://epa.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Chemistry_Dashboard_Data_DSSTox_Identifiers_Mapped_to_CAS_Numbers_and_Names/5588566
- FDA Inactive Ingredient Database (updated 2026-01-09): https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/inactive-ingredients-database-download
- FDA National Drug Code Directory (updated 2027-12-31): https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/national-drug-code-directory-support-files
- FDA GSRS UNII (updated 2026-02-26): https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/
- WHO JECFA Database (updated 2026-10-04): https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/Home/Chemical/6097
- openFDA Substance (updated 2026-05-24): https://api.fda.gov/other/substance.json?search=unii:2ZD004190S
- PubChem Live Enrichment (updated 2026-05-17): https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6288

_Assessed by Greenveil._