TartrazineSouthampton study link to hyperactivity/attention effects in children; can trigger reactions in sensitive individuals.
Sunset yellow FCFSouthampton Six colour; hyperactivity/attention concern in children.
Allura red ACSouthampton Six colour; hyperactivity/attention concern in children.
Titanium dioxidePossible genotoxicity (DNA/chromosomal damage) could not be ruled out; no longer considered safe as a food additive.
ErythrosineIodine-based red dye; thyroid effects in animal studies; restricted uses.
Ammonia caramelCaramel colour class III; may contain 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI), an animal carcinogen.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)Synthetic emulsifier linked in animal and in-vitro studies to gut-microbiome disruption and intestinal inflammation; human evidence is emerging.
Per-ingredient concern · chemical identity, not food safety
