Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)Antioxidant; classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (animal forestomach tumours).
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)Antioxidant; animal-study tumour/endocrine signals; structurally related to BHA.
Sodium phosphatesInorganic phosphate additives are highly bioavailable; high additive-phosphate intake is associated with increased cardiovascular and kidney burden, particularly in chronic kidney disease.
PolyphosphatesInorganic phosphate additives are highly bioavailable; high additive-phosphate intake is associated with increased cardiovascular and kidney burden, particularly in chronic kidney disease.
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)Synthetic emulsifier linked in animal and in-vitro studies to gut-microbiome disruption and intestinal inflammation; human evidence is emerging.
Per-ingredient concern · chemical identity, not food safety
