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Why it's rated this way

4 ingredients on this label are flagged. A cosmetic's rating is set by its most serious finding — here, DMDM hydantoin.

1. DMDM hydantoinHigh concernFormaldehyde releaser; formaldehyde is a known carcinogen/sensitizer.

   What it is

   Its recorded role: preservative and fragrance. About DMDM hydantoin

   Why it's flagged

   Formaldehyde releaser; formaldehyde is a known carcinogen/sensitizer.

   Regulatory basis

   EU Cosmetics Regulation, Annex V — permitted preservative, with a concentration limit; Greenveil's curated cosmetic-ingredient concern list.

   How sure we are

   High confidence. The label names this substance exactly.

2. Behentrimonium ChlorideMinor concernHair-conditioning quaternary ammonium. It irritates skin and eyes at high strength, so the EU caps it (other than as a preservative) at 5 % in rinse-off hair products and 3 % in leave-on products — the levels the SCCS found safe.

   What it is

   Its recorded role: preservative and antimicrobial. About Behentrimonium Chloride

   Why it's flagged

   Hair-conditioning quaternary ammonium. It irritates skin and eyes at high strength, so the EU caps it (other than as a preservative) at 5 % in rinse-off hair products and 3 % in leave-on products — the levels the SCCS found safe.

   Regulatory basis

   Greenveil's curated cosmetic-ingredient concern list.

   How sure we are

   High confidence. The label names this substance exactly.

3. Paraffinum LiquidumMinor concernCosmetic-grade mineral oil (paraffinum liquidum) is a highly refined white oil. The EU prohibition covers untreated and mildly treated petroleum oils, not refined grades.

   What it is

   Its recorded role: emollient and occlusive. About Paraffinum Liquidum

   Why it's flagged

   Cosmetic-grade mineral oil (paraffinum liquidum) is a highly refined white oil. The EU prohibition covers untreated and mildly treated petroleum oils, not refined grades.

   Regulatory basis

   Greenveil's curated cosmetic-ingredient concern list. The listing applies only under conditions a label can't show (product type, concentration or use).

   How sure we are

   High confidence. The label names this substance exactly; whether the conditions apply depends on the product's formula.

4. Cetrimonium ChlorideMinor concernHair-conditioning quaternary ammonium. It irritates skin and eyes at high strength, so the EU caps it (other than as a preservative) at 2.5 % in rinse-off hair products, 1 % in leave-on hair products and 0.5 % in leave-on face products — the levels the SCCS found safe.

   What it is

   Its recorded role: preservative and antimicrobial. About Cetrimonium Chloride

   Why it's flagged

   Hair-conditioning quaternary ammonium. It irritates skin and eyes at high strength, so the EU caps it (other than as a preservative) at 2.5 % in rinse-off hair products, 1 % in leave-on hair products and 0.5 % in leave-on face products — the levels the SCCS found safe.

   Regulatory basis

   EU Cosmetics Regulation, Annex III — allowed only within set limits and conditions; Greenveil's curated cosmetic-ingredient concern list.

   How sure we are

   High confidence. The label names this substance exactly.

Assessed against the label as captured: all 16 ingredients recognised.