Food use
Food-use source coverage is present in the current record.
The ingredient appears in food-oriented source coverage or allowed-use references, which makes food use easier to support than a context with no domain signal at all.
- beauty
- cleaning
- food
- pharma
Betaine
CAS 590-30-7 · 40/100 · High conf.
Also registered as 5 other CAS numbers
11042-12-9 · 24980-93-6 · 45631-77-4 · 107-43-7 · 590-47-6
Concern score
40/100Moderate concern based on regulatory listings.
High confidence
Betaine in plain language
Also known as Betaine anhydrous · (Trimethylazaniumyl)acetate · 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)acetate · Abromine · (carboxymethyl)trimethylammonium · (Carboxymethyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt
Show all 27 names
(Trimethylammonio)acetate · 2-(Trimethylammonio)Acetate · 2-(Trimethylammonio)ethanoic acid, hydroxide, inner salt · Aminocoat · Aquadew AN 100 · Glycine betaine · trimethylbetaine Glycine · Glycocoll betaine · Glycylbetaine · Jortaine · Loramine AMB 13 · Methanaminium, 1-CARBOXY-N,N,N-TRIMETHYL- · Methanaminium, 1-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, inner salt · N,N,N-trimethylglycine · Rubrine C · Trimethylaminoacetic acid · Trimethylglycocoll · lycine · oxyneurine · trimethylammonioacetate · trimethylglycine
Used in cosmetics as a humectant and a hair conditioner. Betaine is the zwitterion (inner salt).
- Humectant
- Hair conditioning
- Flavouring agent, flavouring agent
- Thickener
- Flavouring
- Conditioner
- Moderate concern: no hazard classifications on record. It is listed for cosmetic use in the EU.
Why it's flagged
EPA CPDat observed this chemical in 983 composition records across product categories including Personal care.
The score describes this ingredient's chemical identity — its hazard profile from published classifications and regulatory status — not the safety of any product it appears in.
Regulation
No restrictions found. Betaine appears in these published regulatory listings.
- In marketed US drugs
- Found in consumer products
- Beauty
- Cleaning
EUEFSAEFSA opinion7 entries
- Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97 (EFSA NDA)Source →
- Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine (betaine anhydrous and betaine hydrochloride) as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by VITAC EEIG (EFSA FEEDAP)Source →
- Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Trouw Nutritional International B.V (EFSA FEEDAP)Source →
- Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Danisco Animal Nutrition (EFSA FEEDAP)Source →
- Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission related to an application concerning the use of betaine as a novel food in the EU (EFSA NDA)Source →
- Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 (EFSA NDA)Source →
- Safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous for food-producing animal species based on a dossier submitted by AB Vista (EFSA FEEDAP)Source →
EUCosIngActiveBetaine is the zwitterion (inner salt) that conforms to the formula
- Betaine is the zwitterion (inner salt) that conforms to the formulaSource →
GLOBALJECFANo safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agentJECFA evaluation lists ADI No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent. Functional class: flavouring agent, flavouring agent.
- JECFA evaluation lists ADI No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent. Functional class: flavouring agent, flavouring agent.Source →
USEPAcommercial use observedEPA CPDat observed this chemical in 983 composition records across product categories including Personal care. EPA CPDat classifies this chemical for functional uses including Humectant, Anti-static agent, Softener and conditioner.
- EPA CPDat observed this chemical in 983 composition records across product categories including Personal care. EPA CPDat classifies this chemical for functional uses including Humectant, Anti-static agent, Softener and conditioner.Source →
USFDAmarketed drug occurrenceFDA NDC lists this ingredient in 9 active drug products and 10 total products.
- FDA NDC lists this ingredient in 9 active drug products and 10 total products.Source →
USFDAlisted in openFDA substanceopenFDA substance registry classifies this ingredient as chemical.
- openFDA substance registry classifies this ingredient as chemical.Source →
Expert safety opinions
Independent scientific assessments cited by the records we hold, with the year and link where the record gives one.
SCCS
EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety
No SCCS opinion on file.
CIR
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (US expert panel)
No CIR safety assessment on file.
EFSA
European Food Safety Authority
Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97 (EFSA NDA)
2017 · EU EFSA listing · Read the source →
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine (betaine anhydrous and betaine hydrochloride) as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by VITAC EEIG (EFSA FEEDAP)
2013 · EU EFSA listing · Read the source →
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Trouw Nutritional International B.V (EFSA FEEDAP)
2013 · EU EFSA listing · Read the source →
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Danisco Animal Nutrition (EFSA FEEDAP)
2013 · EU EFSA listing · Read the source →
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission related to an application concerning the use of betaine as a novel food in the EU (EFSA NDA)
2005 · EU EFSA listing · Read the source →
Safety of betaine as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 (EFSA NDA)
2019 · EU EFSA listing · Read the source →
Safety and efficacy of betaine anhydrous for food-producing animal species based on a dossier submitted by AB Vista (EFSA FEEDAP)
2018 · EU EFSA listing · Read the source →
JECFA
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
JECFA evaluation lists ADI No safety concern at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring agent. Functional class: flavouring agent, flavouring agent.
Year not recorded · GLOBAL JECFA listing · Read the source →
Evidence & sources
No graded research studies for Betaine yet. This record is compiled from the published data sources below — registries and regulatory listings, not study findings.
Where this comes from
- Open →
CosIng
regulatory · updated 2026-09-23
- Open →
EFSA OpenFoodTox
regulatory · updated 2026-10-04
- Open →
EPA Chemical and Products Database
exposure · updated September 2019
- Open →
EPA DSSTox Identifiers
chemistry · updated 2025-12-29
- Open →
FDA National Drug Code Directory
regulatory · updated 2027-12-31
- Open →
FDA GSRS UNII
registry · updated 2026-02-26
- Open →
WHO JECFA Database
regulatory · updated 2026-10-04
- Open →
openFDA Substance
registry · updated 2026-05-24
- Open →
PubChem Live Enrichment
chemistry · updated 2026-05-17
Suitability
Context-specific fit derived from published classifications and the current ingredient evidence profile.
Good fit
Fragrance avoidance
No fragrance-linked caution surfaced in the current profile.
This ingredient does not currently read as a fragrance-linked driver in the published evidence and hazard profile.
Where it has been recorded
How often EPA CPDat has listed Betaine in a product composition. These are source records, not Greenveil catalog products.
Source records
983
Named organisations
6
Personal care
Typical roles
HumectantHair conditioningFlavouring agent, flavouring agentThickenerFlavouringConditioner
Found in these products
Their ingredient lists include Betaine; each product's own rating depends on its whole formula, so it is shown on the product page, not here.
- Botanical flowChamps de Provence
- Beauty of Joseon, Relief Sun: Rice + Probiotics, SPF 50+ PA ++++Beauty of Joseon · Beauty
- dentifricel arbre vert · Open Beauty Facts
- ogx arganOGX · Hair
- dentifricel'arbre vert
- Crème réparatrice protectrice Mains sèches et irritéesLaboratoire Dermophil
- Crema facial Vitamina CViseger Pharma
- Dentifrice blancheurL'Arbre Vert · Dentifrice
- Balancing Face MistBYOMA · Face Mist
- Cold CreamAvène
- Coconut milkOGX · Non Food Products
- Cosmic Rainbow C4 EnergyC4 · Beverages And Beverages Preparations
- Diadermine Rimpel Expert 3D Pro-Hyaluron DagcrèmeFace
- COSRX Advanced Snail 96 Mucin Power EssenceCOSRX · Serum
- Anaphase+Ducray · Cosmetic Products
- Sérum facial reparador Micro CápsulasDeliplus · Cosmetic Products
- Mascarilla Curl PerfectDeliplus
- Baume après rasageWeleda
- Dentífrico Dental PearlDeliplus
- Curl perfect, leave in maskDeliplus · Non Food Products
- The ritual of sakuraRituals
- Actipur syndet - Gel dermo-nettoyant - Laboratoires NorevaNoreva
- Crème Mains Hydratante Longue DuréeYves Rocher · Body
- Kneip Sekunden-HandcremeKneip
Often appears with
Ingredients that frequently appear alongside Betaine in the catalog.