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FD&C blue no. 1

CAS 2650-18-2 · 70/100 · High conf.

Also registered as 10 other CAS numbers

70992-30-2 · 73319-02-5 · 82526-32-7 · 83155-13-9 · 145087-80-5 · 511534-53-5 · 1314116-65-8 · 1848225-75-1 · 3844-45-9 · 37307-56-5

Concern score

70/100High concern based on regulatory listings.
High confidence

FD&C blue no. 1 in plain language

What it is

On cosmetic ingredient lists it appears as “Acid blue 9”.

Also known as Acid blue 9 · Acid blue 9 aluminum lake · Acid blue 9 ammonium salt · CI 42090 · Brilliant blue fcf · Brilliant blue

Show all 36 names

D&C blue no. 1 · Dye fdc blue #1 · F d & c blue #1 aluminum lake · F d & c blue #1 lake · F d & c blue #1 · F d & c yellow blue #1 · CI food blue 2 · Blue 1 · AO1 · AO205 · Blue no. 1 · Ci-food blue 2 · Dye brilliant blue · E133 · F d & c blue no. 1 · Fdc blue no. 1 · Blue FCF · CI-(1975)NO.42900 · Covacap bleu w 6102 · E-133 · Food blue 2 · Ins NO.133 · INS-133 · Japan blue 1 · Vibracolor blue ABL9 · c.i. acid blue 9 disodium salt · fd & c blue no. 1 · fd&c blue 1. mfr cas no:3844-45-9. · fd&c blue no. 1/acid blue 9 · food blue #2 dye

What it does

Used in cosmetics as a colourant and a hair dye. CI 42090 is classed chemically as a triphenylmethane colour.

  • Colorant
  • Hair dyeing
  • Colour
  • Colourant
  • Fragrance
  • Flavouring
Is it a concern?
High concern: no hazard classifications on record. It is restricted in EU cosmetics.

Why it's flagged

Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfophenyl)-methyl]-amino]-phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo, inner salts, disodium salt and its ammonium and aluminium salts (15); Acid Blue Acid Blue 9 Ammonium salt; CI 42090. (see note 17) is restricted in cosmetic products under Annex III of the EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009.

RestrictedEU EC — restricted

The score describes this ingredient's chemical identity — its hazard profile from published classifications and regulatory status — not the safety of any product it appears in.

Regulation

Restrictions first, then routine listings from published regulatory sources.

  • EU Annex III — restricted
  • EU Annex IV — permitted colorant
  • EU permitted colorant
  • EU restricted in cosmetics
  • Inactive ingredient in US drugs
  • In marketed US drugs

Recorded in these product areas

  • Found in consumer products
  • Beauty
  • Cleaning
  • Pharma
  • Food
  • Industrial

  • EUEC

    Annex III of EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009: substances which cosmetic products must not contain except subject to the restrictions laid down. Product types: Hair dye substance in non-oxidative hair dye products Maximum concentration: 0.5%

    restricted
    View source →
  • USFDAinactive ingredient database37 entries — 7 administration routes
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE; Maximum daily exposure: 1 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: CAPSULE, LIQUID FILLED; Potency: 0.08 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: CONCENTRATE; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: ELIXIR; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: FILM, SOLUBLE; Potency: 0.04 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: LIQUID; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: POWDER, FOR SOLUTION; Potency: 0.04 mg/5mlSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: POWDER, FOR SUSPENSION; Potency: 1 mg/5mlSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: SOLUTION; Potency: 1.13 mg/15mlSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: SUSPENSION; Maximum daily exposure: 1 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: SYRUP; Potency: 0.05 mg/5mlSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: TABLET; Potency: 27.53 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: TABLET, COATED; Potency: 0.52 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: TABLET, DELAYED RELEASE; Potency: 0.01 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE; Maximum daily exposure: 4 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: TABLET, FILM COATED; Potency: 0.16 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: TABLET, SUGAR COATED; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: RECTAL; Dosage form: SOLUTION; Potency: 0.01 %w/vSource →
    • Route: SUBLINGUAL; Dosage form: FILM; Potency: 0.07 mgSource →
    • Route: SUBLINGUAL; Dosage form: TABLET; Potency: 0.03 mgSource →
    • Route: TOPICAL; Dosage form: CREAM; Potency: 0.01 %w/wSource →
    • Route: TOPICAL; Dosage form: LIQUID; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: TOPICAL; Dosage form: LOTION; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: TOPICAL; Dosage form: SHAMPOO; Potency: 0.75 %w/wSource →
    • Route: TOPICAL; Dosage form: SOAP; Potency: 0.01 %w/wSource →
    • Route: TOPICAL; Dosage form: SOLUTION; Potency: 0.01 %w/wSource →
    • Route: VAGINAL; Dosage form: DOUCHE; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: BUCCAL; Dosage form: CONCENTRATE; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: BUCCAL; Dosage form: MOUTHWASH; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: DENTAL; Dosage form: PASTE; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: DENTAL; Dosage form: PASTE, DENTIFRICE; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: DENTAL; Dosage form: SOLUTION; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: CAPSULE; Potency: 26.3 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: CAPSULE, COATED PELLETS; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: CAPSULE, COATED, EXTENDED RELEASE; Potency: NASource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: CAPSULE, DELAYED RELEASE; Maximum daily exposure: 2 mgSource →
    • Route: ORAL; Dosage form: CAPSULE, DELAYED RELEASE PELLETS; Potency: 0.01 mgSource →
  • EUCosIngActive4 entries
    • CI 42090 is classed chemically as a triphenylmethane colour. It conforms to the formula: Restriction: IV/63 (CI 42090) III/190 (Acid Blue 9; Acid Blue 9 Ammonium Salt; Acid Blue 9 Aluminum Lake)Source →
    • Cosmetics Regulation annex IV / ref 63.Source →
    • Acid Blue 9 is classed chemically as a triphenylmethane colour. It conforms to the formula: Restriction: III/190Source →
    • Cosmetics Regulation annex III / ref 190.Source →
  • EUEFSAEFSA opinion2 entries
    • Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Brilliant Blue FCF (E 133) as a food additive (EFSA ANS)Source →
    • Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Brilliant Blue FCF (E133) as a feed additive for cats and dogs (EFSA FEEDAP)Source →
  • EUECallowed_listedAnnex IV of EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009: colorants allowed in cosmetic products. Conditions of use and warnings: Purity criteria as sset out in Commission Directive 95/45/EC (E 133)
    • Annex IV of EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009: colorants allowed in cosmetic products. Conditions of use and warnings: Purity criteria as sset out in Commission Directive 95/45/EC (E 133)Source →
  • GLOBALJECFAEvaluatedJECFA evaluation record.
  • GLOBALJECFA0-12.5 mg/kg bwJECFA evaluation lists ADI 0-12.5 mg/kg bw. Functional class: colour.
    • JECFA evaluation lists ADI 0-12.5 mg/kg bw. Functional class: colour.Source →
  • USEPAcommercial use observedEPA CPDat observed this chemical in 1968 composition records across product categories including Laboratory supplies, Arts and crafts/office supplies, Personal care. EPA CPDat classifies this chemical for functional uses including Dye, Fragrance, Flavouring and nutrient.
    • EPA CPDat observed this chemical in 1968 composition records across product categories including Laboratory supplies, Arts and crafts/office supplies, Personal care. EPA CPDat classifies this chemical for functional uses including Dye, Fragrance, Flavouring and nutrient.Source →
  • USFDAlisted in openFDA substanceopenFDA substance registry classifies this ingredient as mixture.
    • openFDA substance registry classifies this ingredient as mixture.Source →
  • USFDAmarketed drug occurrenceFDA NDC lists this ingredient in 3 drug products and 3 package presentations.
    • FDA NDC lists this ingredient in 3 drug products and 3 package presentations.Source →
  • USUSDA FoodData Centralobserved in branded food ingredient statementsObserved in 1 USDA branded foods including 1 LITER BOTTLE BLACKCHERRY.
    • Observed in 1 USDA branded foods including 1 LITER BOTTLE BLACKCHERRY.Source →

Expert safety opinions

Independent scientific assessments cited by the records we hold, with the year and link where the record gives one.

  • SCCS

    EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety

    No SCCS opinion on file.

  • CIR

    Cosmetic Ingredient Review (US expert panel)

    No CIR safety assessment on file.

  • EFSA

    European Food Safety Authority

    • Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Brilliant Blue FCF (E 133) as a food additive (EFSA ANS)

      2010 · EU EFSA listing · Read the source →

    • Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Brilliant Blue FCF (E133) as a feed additive for cats and dogs (EFSA FEEDAP)

      2013 · EU EFSA listing · Read the source →

  • JECFA

    Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives

    • JECFA evaluation record.

      Year not recorded · GLOBAL JECFA listing · Read the source →

    • JECFA evaluation lists ADI 0-12.5 mg/kg bw. Functional class: colour.

      Year not recorded · GLOBAL JECFA listing · Read the source →

Evidence & sources

No graded research studies for FD&C blue no. 1 yet. This record is compiled from the published data sources below — registries and regulatory listings, not study findings.

11 data sources

Where this comes from

  • CosIng

    regulatory · updated 2026-09-23

    Open →

  • EU CosIng Cosmetics Regulation Annexes

    regulatory · updated 2020-08-12

    Open →

  • EFSA OpenFoodTox

    regulatory · updated 2026-10-04

    Open →

  • EPA Chemical and Products Database

    exposure · updated september 6, 2017

    Open →

  • EPA DSSTox Identifiers

    chemistry · updated 2025-12-29

    Open →

  • FDA Inactive Ingredient Database

    regulatory · updated 2026-01-09

    Open →

  • FDA National Drug Code Directory

    regulatory · updated 2027-09-12

    Open →

  • FDA GSRS UNII

    registry · updated 2026-02-26

    Open →

  • WHO JECFA Database

    regulatory · updated 2026-10-04

    Open →

  • openFDA Substance

    registry · updated 2026-05-24

    Open →

  • USDA Branded Foods

    product_occurrence · updated 2026-02-19

    Open →
Reference links (1)
Openfda substance

codexalimentarius.net

Read →

Suitability

Context-specific fit derived from published classifications and the current ingredient evidence profile.

Food use

Food-use source coverage is present in the current record.

Good fit

The ingredient appears in food-oriented source coverage or allowed-use references, which makes food use easier to support than a context with no domain signal at all.

Fragrance avoidance

Not a strong fit for fragrance avoidance because it carries Fragrance.

Avoid

The ingredient itself is a fragrance-linked signal, so it is better treated as an avoid case when fragrance exposure is the main concern.

Where it has been recorded

How often EPA CPDat has listed FD&C blue no. 1 in a product composition. These are source records, not Greenveil catalog products.

Source records

1,968

Named organisations

6

Laboratory suppliesArts and crafts/office suppliesPersonal careFood and drugCleaning and safetyRaw materials

Typical roles

ColorantHair dyeingColourColourantFragranceFlavouring
See products using FD&C blue no. 1 →

Catalog

Found in these products

Their ingredient lists include FD&C blue no. 1; each product's own rating depends on its whole formula, so it is shown on the product page, not here.

See all 1000+ →Find products without it →

Co-occurrence

Often appears with

Ingredients that frequently appear alongside FD&C blue no. 1 in the catalog.