Allura red ACSouthampton Six colour; hyperactivity/attention concern in children.
Ammonia caramelCaramel colour class III; may contain 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI), an animal carcinogen.
Sodium benzoatePreservative; can form trace benzene (a carcinogen) when combined with ascorbic acid; implicated in child hyperactivity studies.
SucraloseSweetener; emerging genotoxicity concern around the impurity/metabolite sucralose-6-acetate.
Phosphoric acidAcidulant (colas); high total phosphate intake linked to bone-mineral and renal concerns in some studies.
PolyphosphatesInorganic phosphate additives are highly bioavailable; high additive-phosphate intake is associated with increased cardiovascular and kidney burden, particularly in chronic kidney disease.
Acesulfame KSweetener; broadly assessed safe but some consumer-avoidance and limited animal-study questions.