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Why it's rated this way

5 ingredients on this label are flagged. A cosmetic's rating is set by its most serious finding — here, Zinc Pyrithione.

1. Zinc PyrithioneCritical concernEU CosIng Annex II

   What it is

   Its recorded role: preservative and anti-seborrheic. About Zinc Pyrithione

   Why it's flagged

   EU CosIng Annex II

   Regulatory basis

   EU Cosmetics Regulation, Annex II — substances prohibited in cosmetics.

   How sure we are

   High confidence. The label names this substance exactly.

2. PropaneMinor concernAerosol propellant. The EU prohibits propane only when it contains 0.1 % or more of 1,3-butadiene, a carcinogen; cosmetic-grade propellant is purified below that level.

   What it is

   Its recorded role: propellant. About Propane

   Why it's flagged

   Aerosol propellant. The EU prohibits propane only when it contains 0.1 % or more of 1,3-butadiene, a carcinogen; cosmetic-grade propellant is purified below that level.

   Regulatory basis

   Greenveil's curated cosmetic-ingredient concern list. The listing applies only under conditions a label can't show (product type, concentration or use).

   How sure we are

   High confidence. The label names this substance exactly; whether the conditions apply depends on the product's formula.

3. ButaneMinor concernAerosol propellant. The EU prohibits butane only when it contains 0.1 % or more of 1,3-butadiene, a carcinogen; cosmetic-grade propellant is purified below that level.

   What it is

   Its recorded role: propellant. About Butane

   Why it's flagged

   Aerosol propellant. The EU prohibits butane only when it contains 0.1 % or more of 1,3-butadiene, a carcinogen; cosmetic-grade propellant is purified below that level.

   Regulatory basis

   EU Cosmetics Regulation, Annex II — substances prohibited in cosmetics; EU classification as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction; Greenveil's curated cosmetic-ingredient concern list. The listing applies only under conditions a label can't show (product type, concentration or use).

   How sure we are

   High confidence. The label names this substance exactly; whether the conditions apply depends on the product's formula.

4. Potassium HydroxideMinor concernAlkali (lye). It is used up in the product: as a pH adjuster it neutralises an acid in the formula, and in soft or liquid soap it turns the oils into soap. The EU caps the alkalinity it may leave (pH 11 for pH-adjuster use); the higher limits, with warnings, are only for hair straighteners, cuticle removers and depilatories.

   What it is

   Its recorded role: chelating agent and ph adjuster. About Potassium Hydroxide

   Why it's flagged

   Alkali (lye). It is used up in the product: as a pH adjuster it neutralises an acid in the formula, and in soft or liquid soap it turns the oils into soap. The EU caps the alkalinity it may leave (pH 11 for pH-adjuster use); the higher limits, with warnings, are only for hair straighteners, cuticle removers and depilatories.

   Regulatory basis

   EU Cosmetics Regulation, Annex III — allowed only within set limits and conditions; Greenveil's curated cosmetic-ingredient concern list.

   How sure we are

   High confidence. The label names this substance exactly.

5. IsobutaneMinor concernAerosol propellant. The EU prohibits isobutane only when it contains 0.1 % or more of 1,3-butadiene, a carcinogen; cosmetic-grade propellant is purified below that level.

   What it is

   Its recorded role: propellant. About Isobutane

   Why it's flagged

   Aerosol propellant. The EU prohibits isobutane only when it contains 0.1 % or more of 1,3-butadiene, a carcinogen; cosmetic-grade propellant is purified below that level.

   Regulatory basis

   EU Cosmetics Regulation, Annex II — substances prohibited in cosmetics; EU classification as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction; Greenveil's curated cosmetic-ingredient concern list. The listing applies only under conditions a label can't show (product type, concentration or use).

   How sure we are

   High confidence. The label names this substance exactly; whether the conditions apply depends on the product's formula.

Assessed against the label as captured: 17 of 18 ingredients recognised.